Everything about Alcalde totally explained
Alcalde (; ; from Portuguese
Alcaide) is the
Spanish and formerly
Portuguese title of the chief administrator of a town. An alcalde's duties usually included both
judicial and
administrative functions. The title derives from the
Andalusi Arabic al-qadi (قاضي,), meaning "the judge" or from
al caïd,
Arab word for
the chief, or Military Governor of the Castle (
al caïda,
Arab word for
the castle or
the base).
Both the title and the combination of judicial and administrative functions are indicative of a continuity of town structures in Spain from the
Moorish time to the present, despite the change of religion and culture through the
reconquista.
In modern Spain, it's just the equivalent to a mayor.
In the autonomous Spanish cities of
Ceuta and
Melilla, their
alcaldes-presidentes have greater powers than their peninsular colleagues.
This title has been in use in the
United States, for example in
San Francisco, California (
Surocco v. Geary,
Supreme Court of California, 3 Cal. 69, 58 Am.Dec. 385, "Geary, at that time Alcalde of San Francisco...").
Stephen Johnson Field, later an associate justice of the
U.S. Supreme Court, once served as
alcalde of the town of
Marysville, California.
In Texas, the position of county judge was based on that of the alcalde which had existed prior to the
Texas Revolution. Like the alcaldes before them, county judges under the Texas Constitution wield both judicial and chief executive functions. Although in larger counties today the county judge usually functions solely as county chief executive, in smaller counties, the role of the county judge continues many of the combined judicial and administrative functions of the alcalde.
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